Table of Contents
Accident Definition
Accident Definition: Accident is an unplanned, unforeseen, undesired, non-value added, interrupting activity which may or may not result in personal injury / property damages.
Safety Definition
Safety is prevention of accidents which results personal  injury and property damage.
Safety Management Principle
- Safety is everyone’s responsibility
- Safety takes priority over everything else i.e. Safety First
- All industrial accidents are preventable
Cause of Accidents
Unsafe Condition
Working conditions/environment which are prone to have an accident.
Unsafe Act
People make the violation of the standard rules & met with an accident.
Heinrich Theory of Occurrence of Accidents
- For each Major accident there are approximately 329 Incidents of Minor accidents or Near-miss accidents cases.
- Approximately 300 Near-miss cases occurred out of 3000 Unsafe Acts & Unsafe Conditions.
- Elimination of causes of Near-miss and Minor accidents will reduce occurrence of Major Accidents.
Accidents Analysis
FRANK BIRD’S THEORY OF ACCIDENT
- An accident is a mishap caused by unsafe action or unsafe conditions or combination of both.
- Accidents do not happen on its own they are caused.
- 88% accidents are caused by Unsafe Acts/attitude.
- 10% accidents are caused by Unsafe Conditions/equipments.
- 2% accidents are caused by Natural Calamity which are not under our control.
- An accident may not cause injury but an injury will be caused only by an accident.
Accident Types
Accidents are majorly categories as:
- Major/Fatal Injury Accident
- Minor Accident (First Aid Injury)
- Near-Misses
- Dangerous Occurrence
Major accident will include death , loss of limb may have loss of property or production., where the operator takes leave beyond 48 hours
Minor accident are incidents where there is injury or illness to operator requiring immediate medical attention with or without loss to property, where the operator returns to duty within 24 hours
Near-miss is a situation or event that might have resulted a major or minor injury or any property loss but didn’t. For example – A worker slipping on a oily floor but not falling.
Dangerous occurrence are accidents which do not cause death or injury but loss to property or production to a huge extent (For example- Bursting of boilers, Collapse of buildings )
All Major & Dangerous accidents must be reported to the relevant Govt. Authorities like Factory Inspector/Local authority except the minor accidents.
Domino’s theory of Accident
Imagine 5 books are kept on their sides and if the first book is applied with a small force, will result in the last book to fall. (shown below)
Like that the “ Lack of supervision will lead to the contact of Unsafe act and Unsafe condition which results in an accident thereby injury to Employee.
Effective supervision will take care of removal of unsafe act and unsafe conditions to prevent the accidents.
